Spinning and twisting machinery



Patented Ian. II]

No. 6I7,677.

A. D. E'MERY.

SPINNING AND TWISTING MACHINERY.

(Application filed Feb. 3, 1897.)

4 Sheets-Sh at (No Model) III I! .THMHIZ No. (7,677. Patented Jan. l0,I899. A. D. EMERY.

SPINNINGAND TWI STING MACHINERY.

(Application flleq Feb. 3, 1897.) v (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

wflmm; I nvenior No. 6|7,677. Patented Ian. l0, I899.

' A. D. EMERY.

SPINNING AND TWISTING MACHINERY.

(Application filed Feb. 3, 1897.)

' 4 Shaets$heat 3.

(No Model.)

Ewezdbn MAW x15 m. 6I7,677. Patented-Ian. I0, I899;

A. n. EMERY.

SPINNING AND TWISTING MACHINERY.

(Application filed Feb. 3, 1897.)

(No Model.) 4'Sheets$he et 4.

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NITEDI STATES FFIC Ee ABRAM D EMERY, or 'lAUNTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

SP INNING AND TWISTING MACHINERY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 617,677, dated J anuary10, 1899.

Application filed February 8, 1897. Serial No. 621,739. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ABRAM D. EMERY, of Taunton, Massachusetts, haveinvented certain Improvements in Spinning and Twisting Machinery, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates generally to the combination, in an organizedmachine, of a circularly-arranged group of spinning-heads of thecharacter of those shown and described in pending application Serial No.607,528, with a smaller group of twisters andsystems of guides forguiding to each twister the yarns from a multiplicity of suchspinning-heads. The operative parts of the machine are supported on acentral vertical post, upon which is loosely mounted a horizontalmaster-gear, which meshes with and rotates pinions severally affixed tothe spinning-heads and' also meshes with and rotates a pinion affixedtoa vertical shaft, from which by means of systems of suitableintermediate gearing, including other horizontal gears loosely mountedupon said central vertical post, motions are imparted at appropriatespeeds to the drawrolls of the spinning-heads in the manner shown anddescribed in said pending application Serial No. 607,528. In the presentcase by means of other systems of gearing motions are also transmittedfrom said vertical shaft to a group of throstles arranged at anappropriate distance below the group of spinningheads andto a camloosely mounted on said central vertical post, by means of whichvibratory motions are imparted to traverse-arms for raising and loweringthe several spools upon which the threads twisted by the throstles arewound.

The peculiarity in the mode of spinning yarn inherent in the operationof a spinninghead of the character of those shown is that all parts ofthe yarn are successively given precisely the same amount of twist andare never given any greater twist than that which they ultimatelyretain. This is due to the fact that thetwist is initiallyimparted tothe part of the yarn immediately adjacent its point of delivery from thelowest pair of draw.- rolls. The yarns thus produced are of superiorevenness and by reason of their uniformity of twist are especiallyadapted forbeing associated and twisted together to form threads.

It is of material advantage to have the spinning-heads rotate uponvertical axes and to have the spun yarn delivered downwardly, so thatthe roving, which is unwound from each roving-bobbin by centrifugalforce, wilh be assisted by gravity in its passage to the drawrolls,because this permits the spinning of soft roving having little tensilestrength. Hence the most favorable position for the throstles is in ahorizontal plane immediately below the spin ning-heads, because itthereby follows that the paths of the yarns from the draw-rolls to thethrostles are comparatively short and direct and the organization as awhole is rendered especially compact.

In the machine illustrating the invention shown in the accompanyingdrawings fifteen spinning-heads are mounted in vertical beariugsarranged around the edge of a horizontal disk divided into sixteen equalparts, one of which is occupied by the upper bearing of the verticalcounter-shaft employed for transmitting motion to actuate thedraw-rolls, the group of throstles arranged beneath the spinhing-heads,and the traverse-arms for raising and lowering the spools upon which thethreads are wound. I

The drawings are as follows: Figure 1 is a top view of the machine. Fig.2 is a central vertical section on the plane indicated by the dottedline 00 a: in Fig. 1, in which some of the parts are shown in elevationand some of the parts are omitted for the sake of more clearlyexhibiting others which are shown. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on theplane indicated by the dotted line 3 3 on Fig. 2. Fig. 4 shows incentral vertical section one of the spinning heads, with a portion ofthe roving-bobbin and its cylinder represented as broken away. Figs. 5and 6 are elevations of the draw-roll frame, respectively affording faceand edge views of its gearing. Fig. 7 is an elevation of the upperportion of the vertical countershaft by which motion is transmitted fromthe master-gear, showing in section the train of differential gears foroperating the drawrolls and also the train of differential gears fordriving the throstles. Fig. 8 is an elevation afiording an edge view ofthe gears for' differentiating the speeds of rotation of the upper andlower pairs of draw-rolls.

The frame of the machine consists of two upwardly-tapering standards AB, connected at the bottom to the base-plate C and connected with eachother at the top by the horizontal girder D. The operative parts of themachine derive their support from the central vertical post E, looselystepped at its lower end in the bearing C upon the top of the base-plateand journaled at its upper end in the bearing D, atfixed to theunderside of I the girder D.

The post E is made rotatable in its bearings in order that it, with themechanism supported upon it, may be-turned manually for convenience ofaccess to different parts of said mechanisni. The horizontaldriving-shaft F, having upon its outer end the fast and loose pulleys FF, has afiixed to its inner end the miter-gear F which meshes with thedouble miter-gear F loosely mounted on the post E.

The lower end of the hub of the gear F is countersunk and bears upon thesystem 2 of balls which are supported in the countersunk upper end ofthe hollow hub of the disk G, which is secured to the post E by thesetscrew G and which has appropriately arranged upon its upper surfacefifteen hinged arms, one of which, G is shown in side elevation in Fig.3. Each of these arms isfprovided at its free end with a hollow boss Gin which is adjustably secured by the setscrew G the steady-pin G thelower end of which serves as an axle which centralizes the upper end ofthe adjacent spinning-head. To this end the lower end of the steady-pinG is loosely inserted inta cylindrical cavity G6 formed in the upper endof the spindle H, upon which the roving bobbin is loosely mounted. Theroving-bobbin is contained within a hollow cylinder a, provided at itsupper end with a removable head a and attached at its lower end to thelower head a". The spindle H, which is tightly driven into the hub a ofthe top cylinder-head and extends downward therefrom through the core ofthe roving-bobbin, has a screw-thread out upon its projecting lower endto receive a nut II. A washer H is interposed between the nut and thelowerend of the roving-bobbin.

The top head a is detachably secured to the upperend of thebobbin-cylinder a by a bayonet-catch or by any other convenient device.The object of this construction is to facilitate the removal of an emptybobbin from the cylinder a and the supply of a full bobbin in its place.To effect this object, the set-screw G is loosened and the steady-pin Gis detached from its bearing in the cavity G. The holding-nut G isunscrewed to release the arm G which is then swung out of the way bybeing turned on its hinge G The top cylinder-head a and the spindle II,thereto connected, are then detached from the cylinder a. Theemptybobbin can then be easily removed from the spindle II and a fullbobbin substituted therefor. The head a is then replaced in the upperend of the cylinder a, the arm G swung outward, the steady-pin G loweredinto the cavity G in the end of tho meshes with the double miter-wheel Ffrom which it transmits motion to the miter-wheel I, which is fastenedby the set-screw I or otherwise to the hollow shaft 1, loosely mountedupon the post E.

The hollow shaft 1 may be regarded as the prime or master shaft of themachine. Near its lower end it has afiixed to it the mastergear 1 whichengages and drives the pinions I, securely affixed to thespinning-heads, and also the pinion J, from which motion is transmittedto operate the draw-rolls and winding mechanism. The lower end of theshaft 1* is countersunk and bears upon the system 3 of balls, which aresupported upon the countersunk upper end of the hub of the disk K, whichby means of the set-screw K or otherwise is fastened to the post E andwhich is provided upon its outer edge with sixteen vertical apertures,fifteen of which are -for containing the boxes in which thespinningheads have theirintermediate bearings. One of these boxes K isshown in Fig. 4, in which it is represented as secured to the disk K bymeans of the set-screw K. The sixteenth aperture is for containing thebox J, which affords the upper bearing for the vertical counter-shaft J,to the upper extremity of which the pinion J is secured. A pinion J" isloosely mounted upon the shaft J 2 and meshes with the large gear Jwhich isloosely mounted on the post E, immediately beneath the disk K,the system 4 of balls being introduced between the countersunk upper-endof the hub of the gear J* and the countersunk lower end of the hub ofthe disk K.

The gear J meshes with the several pinions J which are loosely mountedon the spinning-heads and which are provided on their under sides withcrown-teeth for engaging the gears by which motion is transmitted to theupper pairs of draw-rolls.

The pinion J is provided upon its under side with crown-teeth J whichare engaged by the teeth of the upper member J 7 of the train ofchange-gears, mounted in a suitable frame aflixed to the shaft J Thelower member J of the train of change-gears engages the crown-teeth L onthe upper side of the pinion L, which is provided with an elongated huband which is loosely mounted on the shaft J The pinion L meshes with thehorizontal gear L mounted on the post E. The gear L engages thepinionsL, loosely mounted upon the lower parts of the spinning-heads andprovided upon their upper ICC ITO

sides with the crown-teeth L, by which motion is given to the gears L,which drive the lower pairs of draw-rolls.

The system 5 of balls is interposed between the countersunk lower end ofthe hub of the gear J i and the countersunk upper end of the hub of thegear L The intermediate bearing for the countershaft J 2 and thelowermost bearings for the spinning-heads are afforded by the boxes M,secured by means of set-screws M in vertical apertures formed in theperimeter of the disk M which is affixed to the post E by the set--screw M I The system 6 of balls is interposed between the countersunkupper. end of the hub of the disk M and the countersunk lower end of thehub of the gear L The spinning-heads and the vertical counter-shaft J 2are rotated at like speed. In order to effect the rotation of thedraw-rolls, the pinions provided with the crown-teeth, by means of whichmotion is transmitted to the draw-roll gears, must be rotated either atahigher or a lower speed than that at which the spinning-heads arerotated. The required differentiation in the speed of the pinionsreferred to is efiected in the following-described manner:

A pinion N is affixed to the lower end of the elongated hollow hub ofthe pinion L, which turns loosely on the shaft J The pinion N is drivenby its engagement with the teeth of the intermediate gear N, looselymounted on the stud N adjustably secured to and projecting downward fromthe disk M Motion is given to theintermediate gear N by the pinion O,afiixed to the shaft J The pinion O has nineteen teeth and the pinion Ntwenty teeth. It follows that while the pinion O, which is affixed tothe countershaft J is making twenty revolutions the pinion Nand thecrown-wheel L,to the lowerend of the hub of which the pinion N isaffixed, make only nineteen revolutions, and consequently thecrown-wheels L which drive the lower pairs of draw-rolls in thespinning-heads, also make only nineteen revolutions, while thespinning-heads, which are driven at the same rate as the shaft J?, aremaking twenty revolutions. It hence results that the gears L which drivethe lower pairs of draw-rolls, are each made to make one revolution ontheir axes by.the lag of the crown-wheels L while each spinning-head ismaking twenty revolutions.

Assuming the gears to be so proportioned that a single rotation of thedriving-gears L of the spinning-heads will effect the delivery by thedraw-rolls of two inches of roving, it results that the two inches ofroving thus delivered will be twisted at the rate of ten turns to theinch. ,r

By means of the train of differential gears between the crown-wheel Land the crownwheel J 6 a slightly more rapid speed of rotation is givento the crown-wheel J", and hence,

by means of the pinion J 3 and the gear J to the crown-wheels J ,bywhichthe upper-pairs of draw-rolls in the various spinning-heads aredriven, or, perhaps, more properlyspeaking, are governed in their speedof rotation. It follows that there is less difference between the speedof rotation of the spinning-heads and the speed of rotation of thecrown-wheels J and consequently the upper pairs of drawrolls are rotatedwith slightly less rapidity than the lower pairs, 7

Any desired difference between the speeds of rotation of the upper pairsof draw-rolls, which may be called the feed-rolls, and the lower pairsof rolls, which are herein called the draw rolls, is established by theintroduction of appropriately proportioned wheels into the chain ofgearing between the crown-wheel L and the crown-wheel J If it be desiredto otherwise proportion the relative speeds of rotation of thespinning-heads and the several pairs of draw-rolls, the pinion N or thepinion O, or both of them, may be removed and replaced by other pinionshaving other numbers of teeth, respectively, and the intermediate gear Ncan be removed and a larger or smaller gear, as may be required, may beintroduced in its place, the stud N upon which the intermediate gear Nis mounted, being for this purpose made radially adjustable upon thedisk M The spinning-heads herein shown and described are the same asregards their principal features of construction and mode of operationas those described and claimed in pending application Serial No.592,306. They are herein described for the purpose of showing their modeof combination with a group of twisters and systems of guides forguiding to each twister the yarns from a multiplicity of spinning-heads.

In the apparatus illustrating the invention shown in the drawings thefifteen spinningheads are combined with a circularlyarranged group offive twisting appliances, each of which embraces a rotating throstle I),having the usual tubular neck I). The yarns e fromtwo or more of thespinning-heads are led through suitably arranged systems of guides e toeach throstle, by the rotation of which they are twisted together andthe resulting thread wound upon a-spool d, to which endwisereciprocating motion is given at the rate required to keep thesuccessive convolutions of thread close together as the throstle windsthem first around the core of the spool and subsequently around the bodyof the thread collected thereon.

The throstles are rotated in a direction opposite to the direction ofrotation of the spinning-heads by the large gear f, which engages thepinions f, secured to the part of the tubular neck I) of the throstlewhich extends upward above the box f in which the neck of the throstleis journaled, the box f being formed near the periphery of thestationary disk f the hub of which is provided with a is the pinion g,which is secured to the vertical counter-shaft J The pinion g engagesand rotates the gear h, loosely mounted upon.

a stud aflixed to and projecting downward from the disk f. The gear itrotates an intermediate gear h, also loosely mounted upon a studprojecting downward from the disk f and the gear h engages the pinion gand thereby rotates the hollow shaft g and the pinion g, affixed to theupper end thereof, in the same direction as that of the spinningheads.The lower end of the vertical counter-shaft J is stepped in a suitablebearing in the top of the lowermost disk 71 and has affixed to it apinion '5, which, acting through train of gearing'i", asshown in Fig. 3,effects the rotation of the gear i loosely mounted upon the verticalpost E. Immediately above the gear if is a smaller gear j which isaifixed to the central post E, and hence imparts rotation to a widepinion j, loosely mounted upon a stud affixed to and projecting upwardlyfrom the gear'i The thus-rotated pinion j meshes with and rotates thesmall gear 70, loosely turning on the central post E and having affixedto it the crowncam k, which serves to alternately elevate and presentthe face of the radial traversearms each of which is loosely connectedat its free end with the hub 70 of one of the hollow stems is, uponwhich the spools k are mounted with the usual moderate tightness of fit.Provision is made for introducing change-gears into the train of gearingi", by which motion is imparted to the disk 71 for the purpose ofaccurately timing the up and down movements of the-spools, as may berequired with relation to the speed of rotation of the throstles, inorder that the threads shall be wound symmetrically and closely.

Provision is made to stop the machineif either one of the yarns breaks.The yarns e as they leave the spinning-heads are subjected to likedegrees of tension by appropriately-arranged guides e, and if one of thespinningheads is immediately over one of the twisters an extra guide asis employed in order to provide a zigzag path for such yarn, whereby itwill be subjected to the same amount of friction in its passage fromthe.

spinning-head to the throstles as those of the yarns which are requiredto have a considerable-distance of lateral movement in order to passfrom theguides e to the centralizing-guide 'e in which the multiplicityof yarns are cqllected for the throstles, respectively. The yarnsbetween the spinninghead and the guides c are held under a moderatetension in vertical position. On their way to the guides e the yarnspass through the eyes Z at the upper extremities of the triplevers l,respectively, the laterally-projecting arms Z of which are thereby heldupward in sented in Fig. 2, above the path of motion of the crank-pin Zprojecting upwardly from one of the arms of the bell-crank lever Z,pivoted upon the top of the gear f; The other arm of the bell-cranklever Z is provided with a crank-pin Zfiprojectiug downwardly through anaperture in the gear f, and when the bellcrank lever l is rocked bycollision with the lateral arm P of the trip-lever l the crankpin l isswung into position to engage and 'rock the inner arm m of thetrigger-lever m, and to thereby disengage the opposite end of thetrigger-lever m from the'extremity of the radius-arm m secured to thevertical beltshifter shaft m fprovided with the torsion spring m. Theupper end of the shaft 'm carries the bifurcated belt-shifter arm mwhich, when the vertical shaft m is thus freed .from the torsionalstrain of the spring m shifts the belt from the tight pulley F to theloose pulley F and thus causes the machine to come to rest.

It will be understood that the power to drive the machine is assumed tobe taken from a shaft beneath the floor upon which the machine rests, asindicated by the position of the loose pulleys F and F What is claimedas the invention is-- 1. The combination as herein set forth of a groupof twisters and appropriate winding devices arranged in a circle; agroup of spinning-heads rotating on parallel vertical axes arranged in acircle above said twisters and greater in number than the number of thesaid twisters, each of said spinning-heads composed of a carrier forcarrying a roving-bobbin, and a draw-roll frame provided with superposedpairs of draw-rolls rotating on horizontal axes; guides for guiding theyarns from a multiplicity of said spinning-heads to each twister; acentral vertical post having afiixed to it horizontal disks forsupporting said spinning-heads, twisters and winding devices; ahorizontal mastergear loosely mounted upon said central vertical postand the position in which one of them is repre-' belt-shifter at adistance below the tight and driven from an out-side source of motionfor her of throstles and suitable winding devices,

with a prescribed larger number of spinningheads, each having a carrierfor a roving-bobbin, a draw-roll frame and superposed pairs ofdraw-rolls, arranged above said throstles; guides for guiding the yarnsfrom a multiplicity of said spinning-heads to each of said t-hrostles,and means for driving said spinning-heads, throstles and winding devicesat appropriate speeds.

In combination, as herein set forth, a prescribed number of twisting andwinding devices; a prescribed larger number of spinning-heads, eachhavinga carrier for carrying a roving-bobbin, a draw-r011 frame, andsuperposed pairs of draw-rolls arranged above said twisting and windingdevices and delivering spun yarns in downwarddirections;

: i 1 guides for severally guiding a plurality of; said spun yarns toeach of said twisting and winding devices; a system of trip-leversseverally engaging said spun yarns at points ad: jacent to the lowerends of said spinningheads, and normally held bysuch engagement inprescribed inoperative positions; a springactuated belt-sh'ifter andconnections between said belt-shifter and said system of trip-1evers,;whereby if a single yarn breaks or runs out? said belt-shifter isreleased to the action ofits spring and is thereby made to shift thebelt and thus cause the machine to come to rest, substantially asdescribed.

ABRAM D. EMERY. Witnesses:

FREDERICK S. HALL, A. M. JONES.

